000162240 001__ 162240
000162240 005__ 20251017144640.0
000162240 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1007/s12110-025-09496-8
000162240 0248_ $$2sideral$$a144799
000162240 037__ $$aART-2025-144799
000162240 041__ $$aeng
000162240 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-8150-9823$$aMarco-Gracia, Francisco J.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000162240 245__ $$aDid Premodern Wars Impact Sex Ratios at Birth? The Case of 19th-Century Basque Country
000162240 260__ $$c2025
000162240 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000162240 5203_ $$aAbstract
This study examines the impact of pre-moder wars on sex ratios at birth. Specifically, it investigates whether wars involving premodern weaponry and more limited destruction increased stress for pregnant women such that the resulting hormonal changes in their bodies may have led to a decrease in the ratio of live-born boys to girls. To address this question, we analyzed all baptismal records from the Basque Country during the 19th century, encompassing nearly 1.2 million individuals. Our findings confirm that the First Carlist War (1833–1840) exercised the most significant demographic impact on the region. However, all wars resulted in variations in demographic behavior, reducing in sex ratios at birth by around 1%. This effect is even more pronounced when focusing on the main conflict zones, where sieges and major battles took place, leading to an impact of 3.2%. The effect was not only immediately visible in sex ratios at birth but became particularly evident during the first three months after the events. Furthermore, prolonged battles were found to have the most substantial influence, with an average effect during the three months after the battle of almost 7% on sex ratios at birth. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that premodern wars reduced sex ratios at birth.
000162240 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2022-138886NB-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/S55-23R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MIU/CAS23-00260$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/UZ-IBERCAJA-CAI/CH2-23
000162240 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
000162240 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000162240 700__ $$aBeltrán Tapia, Francisco J.
000162240 700__ $$aLiczbinska, Grazyna
000162240 7102_ $$14014$$2480$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Economía Aplicada$$cÁrea Hª e Instituc.Económ.
000162240 773__ $$g(2025), [26 pp.]$$pHum. nat.$$tHUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE$$x1045-6767
000162240 8564_ $$s2871027$$uhttp://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162240/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000162240 8564_ $$s1319403$$uhttp://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162240/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000162240 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:162240$$particulos$$pdriver
000162240 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:31:28
000162240 980__ $$aARTICLE